Avalanche forecast

Galena Summit & Eastern Mtns

Sawtooth Avalanche Center
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Avalanche danger

Sat
Alpine
3 · Considerable
Treeline
2 · Moderate
Below
2 · Moderate
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Out of date — this forecast expired 3 years ago. You’re viewing past conditions, not the current bulletin.

Highlights

Conditions are dangerous at upper elevations. Expect to trigger a large, 1-3 foot thick avalanche on wind-affected slopes. Slides are also possible on some wind-sheltered slopes. Avalanches may be triggered remotely—from gentler terrain above, below, and to the sides of steep slopes.

Avalanche problems

  • Wind Slabs

    • Alpine
    • Treeline
    • Below treeline
    Likelihood
    Likely
    Size
    1–2

    You are likely to trigger a wind slab avalanche in upper elevation, wind-affected terrain. While the winds have eased somewhat over the past 24 hours, stormy weather during the first half of the week produced a number of sensitive wind slabs.

    Many wind slabs have formed atop persistent weak layers (see Problem #2 below). As a result, they could break wider than expected, and in neighboring zones, skiers or riders have remotely triggered wind slab avalanches (report) from lower-angled terrain adjacent to steep slopes.

    Wind slabs will be thicker, wider, and most dangerous at upper elevations, but you may also find them in wind-exposed middle-elevation terrain. Look for wind slabs near ridgelines and on mid-slope terrain features like ribs and gullies. Multiple rounds of snowfall and wind this week may mask visual clues that indicate wind loading. Even subtle wind effect may be enough to stiffen the snow and increase your odds of triggering a slide. In addition to finding stiffer drifted snow, collapsing or shooting cracks are obvious signs of instability. 

    (3/1/2023) This small wind slab avalanche was triggered near the top of The Cross on Galena Summit. Small wind slabs like these can act as triggers for larger persistent slab avalanches.

  • Persistent Slabs

    • Alpine
    • Treeline
    • Below treeline
    Likelihood
    Possible
    Size
    1.5–2

    You could trigger 1-3' thick avalanches on buried weak layers (sugary facets or crust + facet combinations - photo).  The weight of recent storm snow is bringing the weak layers to the tipping point on some slopes. Wind-loaded slopes have a thicker, more cohesive slab and are the most dangerous (see Problem #1). But recent storms have built enough of a slab atop persistent weak layers that some wind-sheltered slopes could also produce avalanches. 

    The distribution, character, and sensitivity of the weak layers vary from slope to slope—your best bet is to assume this problem exists until proven otherwise. Given the nature of the weak layers, you could remotely trigger avalanches from gentle terrain above, below, or to the sides of steep slopes. Avalanches could be triggered by the second, third, or fourth rider on a slope.

    You can reduce your risk by avoiding slopes steeper than about 35 degrees—especially large avalanche paths and those with ugly consequences if you are caught in a slide. 

    ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: Triggering a very large persistent slab avalanche on weak, sugary facets buried deeper in the snowpack would take some bad luck. However, this unlikely scenario cannot be ruled out in rocky, wind-swept areas with variable snowpack depths of less than about 2 feet. This setup is more common in the Pioneer, Boulder, and White Cloud Mountains.

    (3/1/2023) This large avalanche released above the E Fork of the Big Wood on a NW aspect at 8,600'. The slab initiated in wind-loaded terrain and appears to have failed on a weak layer buried by snowfall since Sunday (2/26).

Avalanche Discussion

The early winter is notorious for forming a thick layer of sugary snow near the base of the snowpack. But as the season progresses, warm, sunny days and cold, clear nights readily form weak, faceted snow at the top of the snowpack, often sandwiched between frozen crust layers on sunny slopes. On colder slopes, the faceted snow surfaces are often referred to as “recycled powder”. This is just what happened during dry weather in the first half of February.

Sometimes weak layers are overloaded by a large storm, leading to an obvious spike in avalanche danger. Our recent loading pattern has been more insidious, with a number of 4-8" storms incrementally adding weight to layers of sugary facets and facet+crust combinations. With each small loading event, we watch for the “canaries in the coal mine”—indications that the snowpack is reaching its breaking point. During the second half of February, the canaries began growing in number. Early indicators of worsening conditions—such as natural and triggered avalanches—occurred on slopes that received additional loading from windblown snow. 

With the storms earlier this week, the canaries are beginning to form a flock. We’ve finally begun to see natural and triggered slides even on wind-sheltered slopes. In other words, a problem that’s been limited to wind-loaded areas has blossomed into a more widespread one that encompasses both wind-exposed slopes as well as sheltered terrain. As the slab atop the weak layers becomes thicker, avalanches are growing in size and are plenty large enough to bury or injure a person.

The transition in conditions requires a shift in mindset. A dry-ish February brought relatively stable conditions, but now we need to take a big step back. This can be challenging as spring approaches and folks often expect a more stable snowpack. But if you look back over the past 20 years, our area has experienced seven avalanche deaths in March and April. So by all means, get out there and enjoy the great powder conditions! Just remember that conditions are more dangerous than they have been, and take a conservative mindset.

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