Regions
Northwest Coastal.
Happy New Year! There are still several buried surface hoar layers in the top 100 cm of the snowpack. Initial warming from the sun followed by warm air in the alpine, may increase the sensitivity of these weak layers.
Confidence
Moderate - Timing or intensity of solar radiation is uncertain
Weather Forecast
Mostly clear with freezing levels at valley bottoms and overnight valley temperatures around -10. Warm air has started to develop at higher elevations, between 1400-2100 metres. This warm air is not able to descend into the colder valleys. Forecast upper elevation southerly winds are expected to continue to push warmer air into the alpine. Friday is forecast to be the warmest day of this inversion for the northwest coastal region. Saturday and Sunday may continue to have alpine temperatures at or slightly below freezing. Clear nights should allow for the snow surface to re-freeze.
Avalanche Summary
Natural avalanche storm slab activity has tapered-off with the current clearing trend. However, human-triggered avalanches will remain a concern for the forecast period, especially at elevations or in parts of the region where recent storm accumulations have settled into a cohesive slab. Solar-induced loose wet avalanches up to size 1.5 have also been reported. The likelihood and size of loose wet avalanches will increase with warmer alpine temperatures expected during the forecast period.
Snowpack Summary
Solar radiation has started to affect the surface snow on southerly aspects, resulting in loose moist or wet releases and the beginnings of melt-freeze crusts overnight. The recent 25-40 cm of storm snow continues to facet due to the cold temperatures, and new surface hoar has been reported on all aspects and at all elevations. The forecast temperature inversion looks like it will be strongest on Friday, and our uncertainty revolves around how much warmth upper elevations will receive. It is also unclear how storm slabs, especially those sitting on buried surface hoar layers (in the top 100 cm) will react to the warming. I suspect that outflow winds are transporting unconsolidated snow, and areas that are having or have received wind may continue to have wind slab problems. The winds have been variable across the region; Shames has reported very little wind and slightly west of there the wind effect has been widespread. The north of the region has been cold with temperatures around -20 in the valleys and alpine temperatures around -8 at 2000 metres. Watch for weak basal facets in colder and shallower snowpack areas.
Problems
Storm Slabs
Storm Slab avalanches are the release of a cohesive layer (a slab) of new snow that breaks within new snow or on the old snow surface. Storm-slabs typically last between a few hours and few days (following snowfall). Storm-slabs that form over a persistent weak layer (surface hoar, depth hoar, or near-surface facets) may be termed Persistent Slabs or may develop into Persistent Slabs.
Persistent Slabs
Persistent Slab avalanches are the release of a cohesive layer of snow (a slab) in the middle to upper snowpack, when the bond to an underlying persistent weak layer breaks. Persistent layers include: surface hoar, depth hoar, near-surface facets, or faceted snow. Persistent weak layers can continue to produce avalanches for days, weeks or even months, making them especially dangerous and tricky. As additional snow and wind events build a thicker slab on top of the persistent weak layer, this avalanche problem may develop into a Deep Persistent Slab.
Loose Wet
Loose Wet avalanches are the release of wet unconsolidated snow or slush. These avalanches typically occur within layers of wet snow near the surface of the snowpack, but they may quickly gouge into lower snowpack layers. Like Loose Dry Avalanches, they start at a point and entrain snow as they move downhill, forming a fan-shaped avalanche. Other names for loose-wet avalanches include point-release avalanches or sluffs. Loose Wet avalanches can trigger slab avalanches that break into deeper snow layers.