Avalanche forecast

Galena Summit & Eastern Mtns

Sawtooth Avalanche Center
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Avalanche danger

Sun
Alpine
3 · Considerable
Treeline
3 · Considerable
Below
3 · Considerable
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Highlights

The avalanche danger will rise to CONSIDERABLE as the day warms and the snow becomes wet. Wet snow avalanches will be easy to trigger and will release naturally in steep, rocky terrain receiving direct sun. These slides can become large and destructive. Avalanches failing on layers of weak snow in the upper few feet of the snowpack are most likely in steep, rocky, alpine terrain. These slides will break widely and are unlikely to be preceded by obvious signs of instability. 

Avalanche problems

  • Persistent Slabs

    • Alpine
    • Treeline
    • Below treeline
    Likelihood
    Possible
    Size
    2–3

    Widespread layers of weak snow can produce large avalanches here. These are buried beneath dense, 1-4 plus foot thick slabs, which makes triggering slides more difficult. These thick slabs also mean that any slide you trigger will be large and destructive. Do not expect feedback to receive obvious feedback from the snowpack today. The first sign of instability may be the large, wide avalanche that you trigger. These slides can be triggered after dozens of skiers or riders have traversed a slope. Triggered slides are likely to break far above you, making escape difficult to impossible. 

    Avalanche activity during major storms in March was widespread, occurring on all aspects. Many huge slides in this zone failed on persistent weak layers in the upper and middle portion of the snowpack. You'll find a variety of weak layers here (crusts with facets on solar slopes, and facets without crusts on shaded slopes). As meltwater percolates through the snowpack it can weaken the bonds underneath dense slab, producing large wet slab avalanches. Similar conditions at the end of January produced a widespread cycle of wet slab avalanche activity. Most of the slides observed then were large enough to destroy your house. 

    Triggering a slide is most likely in steep, rocky, open, heavily wind-affected terrain (photo at right/above). You can reduce your risk by avoiding this type of terrain. 

    (3/6/2024) Very large avalanche on a SE aspect above Window Lake north of Boulder Basin. Photo: Sun Valley Heli Ski

  • Loose Wet

    • Alpine
    • Treeline
    • Below treeline
    Likelihood
    Likely
    Size
    1–2

    Mountain temperatures start just a few degrees below freezing (3-day temperature graph in media gallery below). Today will be another 5-8 degrees F warmer than yesterday. You'll find widespread crusts at the snow surface this morning, but these will break down quickly as the sun returns and temperatures spike. Wet snow avalanches involving the most recent snow will become easy to trigger and will release naturally throughout the day. Many of these slides will be small, but they can become large and destructive in steep, open terrain and in gullies and couloirs that channel the flowing debris.

    The wet snow avalanches we have seen thus far have been small and predictable. As temperatures continue to climb, overnight freezes weaken, and melt-water works its way to weak layers deeper in the snowpack, the possibility for wet slab avalanches comes to the table. These beasts are unpredictable and will not be small.

Avalanche Discussion

Springtime Shed with Persistent Slab Problems

You'll experience overlapping dry snow and wet snow problems today, both of which warrant your attention. As I write this in the predawn darkness, there are no wet snow issues. A thick, icy crust exists on slopes that received sun and melted over the past two sunny days. However, mountain temperatures aren't far below freezing and the day will warm up fast, quickly bringing on wet snow problems as the crust softens. These slides will initially be small, but will get larger as the day warms and the melt deepens. Sustained S-SW winds over the past weeks formed massive, unstable cornices and packed snow into all sorts of unusual places. The mountains will be shedding this snow today and over the coming days. Failing cornices and smaller wet loose avalanches can produce large avalanches as they travel downslope. Avalanches that break down into deeper weak layers in the snowpack will be unsurvivable. 

When wet snow issues come to the table, we find ourselves heading to colder slopes. Unfortunately, we can't avoid all of our avalanche problems simply by avoiding the wet snow. Layers of weak snow are buried across our forecast area. In the northern and western mountains, these layers are deeply buried and the likelihood of triggering slides on them have decreased. However, the large, frightening slide that was triggered in a steep couloir in the Sawtoots on Thursday clearly points to the potential for these layers to make deadly avalanches. In our southern and eastern mountains, these weak layers are closer to the surface and they may be a bit easier to impact with your weight. Meltwater produced at the surface is likely to reach these layers today and in the coming days, weakening the bonds are creating the potential for wet slab avalanches. 

During the heat of the day, these dry snow and wet snow problems overlap and interact. As the day progresses, it will be harder and harder to avoid wet snow issues. Even steep, north-facing couloirs have walls that face west and east that may be receiving sun. Pay close attention to the terrain above you as well as the terrain you are moving through. And expect avalanche danger and the likelihood of triggering avalanches to change quickly. 

Today is a great day to start early and be out of the way early. Avalanche conditions will be more dangerous when you are exiting the mountains than they were on your ride in. The slopes that you comfortably traveled on and under will be more hazardous on your way home. Don't let the sun lull you into a sense of complacency, traveling through the mountains and returning home safely demands your attention today. Don't linger in runout zones below large starting zones that are receiving direct sunshine. 

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