Avalanche Forecast
Issued: Jan 18th, 2016 10:00AM
The alpine rating is , the treeline rating is , and the below treeline rating is Known problems include Persistent Slabs, Wind Slabs and Storm Slabs.
NWAC,
Northwest Avalanche Center
Even with an overall stabilizing trend on Tuesday, dangerous avalanche conditions exist. The tricky nature of persistent layers necessitates conservative decision-making and cautious route-finding is essential. ?
Summary
Detailed Forecast
A weak front should pass overnight Monday, followed by light showers tapering off Tuesday morning. Another frontal system is expected late Tuesday afternoon and night.
New, shallow wind slab should be found mainly on lee north to east slopes near and especially above treeline. Generally avoid wind loaded slopes above treeline.
Older storm slabs should have mostly settled and stabilized with some new storm slabs possible. Choose lower angled slopes if you find sensitive storm layers.
Persistent weak layers have had a good test over the weekend from new loading. For slopes that have not released on these layers, the likelihood of triggering is slowly decreasing, but the consequences are increasing as the slab depth increases. Storm slabs that step down to persistent weak layer depths could become large enough to bury, injure or kill.
Wind slab should be found mainly on the lee northwest to east slopes near and especially above treeline. Generally avoid wind loaded slopes above treeline.
There have been numerous reports of large tree bombs with the recent snowfall and fluctuating snow levels. Watch for the hazard above!
Snowpack Discussion
Two fair weather periods earlier this month allowed surface hoar and near surface faceting to occur. These persistent weak layers were buried intact on Jan 3rd and 11th. One or both of these layers were seen as late as Monday, January 18th by NWAC observers ranging from Mt Baker, Stevens and Snoqualmie Passes and Crystal Mountain areas. These persistent weak layers are most likely to be found on non-solar (northerly) aspects and in the below and near-treeline band. However, we cannot rule out the above treeline elevation bands so the problem is listed for all three.
A parade of weather systems this week has added moderate amounts of new snowfall along the west slopes. The latest frontal system on Sunday deposited another 4-8 inches along the west slopes by Monday. A brief warm-up in the Passes brought rain to Snoqualmie and a bit of denser snow to Stevens and White Passes Saturday evening and night.
Avalanche and snowpack observations
NWAC pro-observations Monday from Yodelin found both the 1/3 and 1/11 surface hoar layers buried about 40 and 70-75 cm respectively on north aspects, within the below treeline elevation band. Tests indicated propagation was likely, with the deeper layer slightly more reactive.
The buried surface hoar layer has been responsible for the significant avalanche activity in the Mt Baker area since about last Wednesday, however, observations Sunday indicated the layer was more difficult to identify. This may be in part due to a combination of natural or triggered avalanche releases, warming and rain or settlement all helping to destroy or reduce the distribution in the terrain.
Baker pro-patrol and several observations submitted via the NWAC observation page received from 1/13 through 1/15 indicated the 1/11 SH layer reactive to human triggering above about 5000' and with some slabs several feet thick and remotely triggered. This layer is most likely to be found in the near-treeline band on non-solar (northerly aspects), but may now be less extensive.
A solo ski tourer in Silver Basin near Crystal Mountain Friday triggered a 40 cm slab on a west aspect at about 6600 feet that released on the persistent January 11th layer. This skier was caught and sustained minor injuries. Also on Friday, a remote or naturally triggered slab avalanche was reported at 5600' in the Stevens Pass backcountry on a NW aspect failing on the 1/3 surface hoar layer via the observation page.
NWAC Pro observer Dallas Glass found the buried surface hoar layer well intact 45-50 cm down on a west aspect of Kendall Peak Saturday. Natural avalanches he observed were limited to recent storm snow, with storm slabs averaging around 8-12 inches (20-30 cm).
On Sunday, Baker pro-patrol found 16" storm slabs releasing during control work on wind-loaded aspects and a natural release of similar depth from Saturday night. Stevens Pro patrol found minimial storm related concerns during control work, but on a steep test slope, triggered a 2' slab failing on a surface hoar layer near treeline. Alpental pro-patrol reported a natural cycle Saturday evening or night, and a thin freezing rain crust Sunday AM. With rain up to 4500' Paradise, backcountry rangers over the weekend found storm snow instabilities below treeline with the buried surface confined to snow pits near treeline.
Make sure to check out the Professional observer avalanche and snowpack photos in the film strip!
Problems
Persistent Slabs
Release of a cohesive layer of soft to hard snow (a slab) in the middle to upper snowpack, when the bond to an underlying persistent weak layer breaks. Persistent layers include: surface hoar, depth hoar, near-surface facets, or faceted snow. Persistent weak layers can continue to produce avalanches for days, weeks or even months, making them especially dangerous and tricky. As additional snow and wind events build a thicker slab on top of the persistent weak layer, this avalanche problem may develop into a Deep Persistent Slabs.
The best ways to manage the risk from Persistent Slabs is to make conservative terrain choices. They can be triggered by light loads and weeks after the last storm. The slabs often propagate in surprising and unpredictable ways. This makes this problem difficult to predict and manage and requires a wide safety buffer to handle the uncertainty.
This Persistent Slab was triggered remotely, failed on a layer of faceted snow in the middle of the snowpack, and crossed several terrain features.
Persistent slabs can be triggered by light loads and weeks after the last storm. You can trigger them remotely and they often propagate across and beyond terrain features that would otherwise confine wind and storm slabs. Give yourself a wide safety buffer to handle the uncertainty.
Aspects: North, North East, East, West, North West.
Elevations: All elevations.
Likelihood
Expected Size
Wind Slabs
Release of a cohesive layer of snow (a slab) formed by the wind. Wind typically transports snow from the upwind sides of terrain features and deposits snow on the downwind side. Wind slabs are often smooth and rounded and sometimes sound hollow, and can range from soft to hard. Wind slabs that form over a persistent weak layer (surface hoar, depth hoar, or near-surface facets) may be termed Persistent Slabs or may develop into Persistent Slabs.
Wind Slabs form in specific areas, and are confined to lee and cross-loaded terrain features. They can be avoided by sticking to sheltered or wind-scoured areas..
Wind Slab avalanche. Winds blew from left to right. The area above the ridge has been scoured, and the snow drifted into a wind slab on the slope below.
Wind slabs can take up to a week to stabilize. They are confined to lee and cross-loaded terrain features and can be avoided by sticking to sheltered or wind scoured areas.
Aspects: North, North East, East, South East, North West.
Elevations: Alpine, Treeline.
Likelihood
Expected Size
Storm Slabs
Release of a soft cohesive layer (a slab) of new snow that breaks within the storm snow or on the old snow surface. Storm-slab problems typically last between a few hours and few days. Storm-slabs that form over a persistent weak layer (surface hoar, depth hoar, or near-surface facets) may be termed Persistent Slabs or may develop into Persistent Slabs.
You can reduce your risk from Storm Slabs by waiting a day or two after a storm before venturing into steep terrain. Storm slabs are most dangerous on slopes with terrain traps, such as timber, gullies, over cliffs, or terrain features that make it difficult for a rider to escape off the side.
Storm slabs usually stabilize within a few days, and release at or below the trigger point. They exist throughout the terrain, and can be avoided by waiting for the storm snow to stabilize.
Aspects: All aspects.
Elevations: All elevations.
Likelihood
Expected Size
Valid until: Jan 19th, 2016 10:00AM
