Avalanche Forecast
Regions: Stevens Pass.
Dangerous conditions may develop on Stevens Pass by Wednesday morning with up to a foot of new snow and strong winds. Look for signs of instability with the storm snow as you transition into open, exposed terrain. If you find shooting cracks or recent slab avalanches, avoid slopes 35 degrees and steeper.
Discussion
Expect anywhere from 8" to 14" of new snow by Wednesday with a cooling trend and strong westerly winds. Forecast totals have a fairly wide range due to the narrow band of a Puget Sound Convergence Zone that looks to take aim in the vicinity of Stevens Pass. If the pass stays in the direct line of fire they may end up on the higher end, if the precipitation shifts south quicker they may receive less. The snow will fall on a range of surfaces including refrozen crust, dry settled snow, or old wind effected snow.Â
 A couple of recently buried layers may harbor isolated pockets of buried surface hoar. Check for these layers anywhere from 1 to 3ft below the snow surface, especially in shaded and sheltered terrain. Take the time to assess for these before venturing into terrain of larger proportions.
Snowpack Discussion
February 27, 2020 (The regional synopsis is updated every Thursday @ 6 pm)
In the lead up to last weekend, dry, clear and cold conditions produced surface hoar in many areas as well as faceted snow (check out the National Avalanche Center’s encyclopedia for more details). These weak grain types were not difficult to find and recreationists and professionals across the region began to wonder what role these weak snow surfaces would play when the next storm arrived.
Surface Hoar was not difficult to observe during this period of high pressure. This picture is from 2/21 on an SSE aspect, 5,000’ at Stevens Pass just a day before it may have been buried. Photo: Josh Hirshberg
We didn’t have to wait too long, as a major storm arrived on Sunday 2/23, creating dangerous avalanche conditions for most zones. This system dropped close to 2’ of snow at Mt. Baker while areas to the south along the west slopes of the Cascades saw closer to 1 foot. Areas along the east slopes of the Cascades also saw significant new snow amounts with Blewett Pass and Mission Ridge receiving around 6-8†of fresh snow.Â
The wind was also a major factor with this storm from about Stevens Pass southward. Multiple stations recorded winds over 80mph and some went over 100mph. This wind was enough to strip surfaces down to old crusts on windward aspects, leaving leeward aspects with wind slabs and touchy cornices. In the case of Mt. Hood, relentless winds this season have stripped the snow down to blue ice from one of our previous atmospheric river events, creating slide for life conditions on certain slopes.Â
The old snow interface, termed 2/22 for the day it was buried, has us thinking hard about the snowpack moving forward. In the northern part of the region, less wind allowed for more storm than wind slabs, with avalanches that released on both interstorm layers and on the buried 2/22 interface for a day or two following the storm. As you moved further southward or eastward, reactivity on the 2/22 interface was trending downward or non-existent after a natural avalanche cycle that immediately followed the storm. Was the storm potent enough to wipe out the surface hoar and facets? There was a surprising natural avalanche on Stevens Pass during the evening of Monday 2/24, which is suspected to have run on small facets. This avalanche and continued snowpack observations around the region proves that in specific areas, reactive weak snow still existed.Â
This natural avalanche failed 2ft deep on the 2/22 interface on a SE aspect near 5700ft on Cowboy Mountain. 02/25/20. Photo: Stevens Pass Ski Patrol
On Tuesday, the sun started to shine in some locations, bringing back the threat of wet avalanches and again making us wonder about how warming would affect the 2/22 interface. We never reached the tipping point for widespread wet avalanche activity, but rollerballs and snow shedding off trees and rocks were certainly present in many zones. Drizzle or light snow made an appearance on Wednesday along many west-side zones. Thursday saw a return to warm temperatures and sunny skies all the way from Mt. Hood to Stevens Pass with cooler and cloudier conditions for the North Cascades. All in all, it was a quiet week avalanche-wise and the 2/22 wasn't activated.Â
We have one more dry mild day before we move into a stormy Saturday. During this stretch, we’ll continue to monitor buried weak snow grains for distribution and reactivity. Check your local forecast zone for the latest.Â
Avalanche Problems
Wind Slabs
Winds will be strong at higher elevations, and will drift soft wind slab over various old surfaces. Look for active wind transport, wind textured snow, and strong over weak layering. These slabs may be the most sensitive first thing in the morning. Expect larger and thicker slabs above treeline. Use caution as you transition onto wind exposed slopes, near ridgelines and open terrain. Check to see how the new snow is bonding by using small, inconsequential test slopes. If you see signs of instability like shooting cracks or hear whumphing, avoid slopes 35 degrees and steeper.
If the sun comes out, beware of the potential for small loose wet avalanches. Rollerballs and sticky snow surfaces are clues that you may be able to trigger them. Take these as a sign that it's time to move off of steep slopes in the sun.
Release of a cohesive layer of snow (a slab) formed by the wind. Wind typically transports snow from the upwind sides of terrain features and deposits snow on the downwind side. Wind slabs are often smooth and rounded and sometimes sound hollow, and can range from soft to hard. Wind slabs that form over a persistent weak layer (surface hoar, depth hoar, or near-surface facets) may be termed Persistent Slabs or may develop into Persistent Slabs.
Wind Slabs form in specific areas, and are confined to lee and cross-loaded terrain features. They can be avoided by sticking to sheltered or wind-scoured areas..
Wind Slab avalanche. Winds blew from left to right. The area above the ridge has been scoured, and the snow drifted into a wind slab on the slope below.
Wind slabs can take up to a week to stabilize. They are confined to lee and cross-loaded terrain features and can be avoided by sticking to sheltered or wind scoured areas.
Aspects: All aspects.
Elevations: Alpine, Treeline.
Likelihood: Likely
Expected Size: 1 - 1
Storm Slabs
Enough new snow may fall to create unstable conditions even out of the wind. Use small test slopes to check how the new snow is bonding to old layers and to itself. If you see instability, or recent storm slabs, avoid going into terrain with larger consequences. If you decide to enter steep terrain, do so from the top, and use caution as the snow may run either as a slab, or as a loose snow avalanche.
Release of a soft cohesive layer (a slab) of new snow that breaks within the storm snow or on the old snow surface. Storm-slab problems typically last between a few hours and few days. Storm-slabs that form over a persistent weak layer (surface hoar, depth hoar, or near-surface facets) may be termed Persistent Slabs or may develop into Persistent Slabs.
You can reduce your risk from Storm Slabs by waiting a day or two after a storm before venturing into steep terrain. Storm slabs are most dangerous on slopes with terrain traps, such as timber, gullies, over cliffs, or terrain features that make it difficult for a rider to escape off the side.
Storm slabs usually stabilize within a few days, and release at or below the trigger point. They exist throughout the terrain, and can be avoided by waiting for the storm snow to stabilize.
Elevations: Treeline, Below Treeline.
Likelihood: Possible
Expected Size: 1 - 1